Endocrine system is composed of hormones, the chemical substances produced in glands and released in blood stream, which guide various processes such as metabolism, growth and sexual development. The main components of endocrine system for the purpose of treatment are thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, pancreas, adrenal, pituitary gland, adrenals, gonads and neuroendocrine tumours and carcinoid […]
Bone and soft tissue sarcomas are a complex group of diseases which have a very complex behaviour and consequently are best treated in the hands of experts. Of all the major cancer types, sarcomas are perhaps the rarest and hence NCCN has promulgated that ” primary bone tumours and selected metastatic tumours should be evaluated […]
Gynaecological cancers affect young girls to elderly ladies, the most common of these cancers is carcinoma cervix which affects after a long pre-invasive phase. Most common symptom of carcinoma cervix is postmenopausal and contact bleed. Carcinoma endometrium and carcinoma ovary present with irregular bleeding per vaginum and abdominal distension respectively. Carcinoma endometrium is associated with […]
Tobacco is a strong predisposing factor for development of transitional cell carcinoma of bladder. The usual presentation of urinary tract cancer is hematuria which may be painless in bladder cancer but associated with flank pain and mass in kidney cancer. Cancer of the ureter maybe associated with hematuria but may also have pain due to […]
Lung cancer is one of the commonest cancers in world. It is strongly associates with potentially avoidable risk factor of smoking. Many workplace materials are also identified as carcinogens, including arsenic, asbestos, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, nickel, radon and vinyl chloride. Most of the early cancers are asymptomatic. The most common symptoms are cough, blood in […]
Cancers of the Gastrointestinal tract ( Esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine and anus) make upto 15% of all cancers and liver,pancreas and biliary cancers add further to this list. Cancer of the esophagus is associated with difficulty in swallowing, stomach cancer is commonly associated with symptoms of dyspepsia commonly called as “acidity”. Large and […]
Breast cancer affects a large number of ladies every year, occasionally men are also affected. The usual symptoms initially are slowly increasing usually painless lump in the breast, recent onset nipple retraction, blood mixed nipple discharge, asymmetry in the shape of breast. Later there may be ulceration, peau d orange (edema of the skin of […]
Head and Neck cancers are one of the most common cancers affecting Indian subcontinent. Most of these cancers can be attributable to tobacco in all forms including chewing, smoking and betel nut. Alcohol may have a synergistic effect in the formation of cancer. The most common symptoms are an non healing ulcer, difficulty in swallowing, […]
Surgery is a medical procedure performed to treat various conditions and improve a patient’s health. Over the years, advancements in medical technology have given rise to different surgical techniques, including minimally invasive surgery and open surgery. Both approaches have their advantages and considerations, and understanding the differences between the two can help patients make informed […]
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